双语 | 致敬杨导！回顾86版《西游记》“取经”往事（附西游译词盘点）
▲杨洁导演
4月15日8时39分，1986版《西游记》总导演杨洁因病在北京去世，享年88岁。
这部电视剧霸屏30余载，据说重播达3000多次，陪伴了我们的整个童年，至今还经常在各大卫视播放。每当提起，这段经典的片头曲就萦绕耳边：
唐僧、孙悟空、猪八戒、沙和尚……每一个角色都深入人心，他们的形象甚至成了后来各种改版的原型。然而，这部为我们带来了无尽欢乐的电视剧，在制作中则确确实实经历了种种磨难，才成为了经典。
得知杨导去世的消息，当年剧中的主要角色饰演者纷纷发微博悼念↓
▲孙悟空饰演者章金莱（六小龄童）发微博悼念杨洁导演
▲猪八戒饰演者马德华发微博悼念杨洁导演
▲白龙马饰演者王伯昭发微博悼念杨洁导演
今天，让我们在缅怀导演杨洁之际，一同来回顾一下当年电视剧制作的“取经”历程↓
In China’s 30 years of TV production, few Chinese dramas match the influence of Yang’s adaptation of the 16th-century novel, which accounts the arduous westward pilgrimage of a Tang dynasty Buddhist monk, in the company of three disciples including the Monkey King, Pig Demon and Water Buffalo, in search of Buddhist sutras.
在中国30年的电视剧制作史中，几乎没有哪部作品能在影响力上超越杨洁版《西游记》。这部16世纪的小说讲述了一位唐朝僧人与孙悟空、猪八戒、沙僧三位徒弟一同去西天取经的艰苦旅程。
Since its first episode aired on the Chinese mainland in 1986, the first mythology-themed show in China has lit up domestic TV screens almost every year with avid followers that cross generations, and inspired many global adaptations. The story of its success often overshadows the difficulties behind the production, which took Yang two attempts to complete the full 41 episodes, with 17 years between them.
1986年，《西游记》第一集在中国大陆开播。从此这部神话主题的电视剧几乎每年都会登陆内地荧屏，陪伴几代热忱的观众，并掀起了海外翻拍的热潮。该剧大获成功，但其背后制作的艰辛却往往被人忽视。全部41集分两次才拍完，中间隔了17年。
In an autobiography published in 2014, Yang wrote, “I once refused to watch Journey to the West for a decade, because it reminded me of too much disappointment and sadness, agony and anger.”
在2014年出版的自传中，杨洁写道：“我曾十年不看《西游记》，因为它会让我想起太多失望、悲伤、痛苦和愤慨。”
At the end of 1981, Chinese government green lighted state-run Chinese central television to dramatise Chinese literary classics, at a time when TV production had just started to pick up in China.
1981年底，中国政府准许中央电视台将中国文学经典改编成剧，当时电视剧制作在中国才刚起步。
Yang, a radio host-turned-director of Chinese opera at CCTV at the time, took the job of adapting Journey to the West as a TV series. When a deputy director at CCTV told her she only needed to do better than the Japanese TV adaption of the novel, Yang replied, “Sir, your standard is too low,” according to a 2012 interview she gave Shaanxi-based newspaper China Business View.
那时，杨洁从央视戏曲电台主持人转行导演，接下了将《西游记》拍成电视连续剧的任务。2012年，杨洁在接受《华商报》采访时提到，央视副台长告诉她只要比日本拍的《西游记》好就行，她回应道：“您的标准太低了。”
The show’s started production in early 1982 and it took six years to finish shooting the first 25 episodes, five episodes short of the initial plan due to budget restraints and numerous production hurdles.
电视剧《西游记》于1982年年初开拍，历经6年，完成了前25集的拍摄，后5集由于预算紧缺和制片中的各种困难而放弃了最初的拍摄计划。
Staging stunts proved the most difficult issue, as the technology was barely known in China in the 1980s. Instead of hanging actors from wires to film simple fighting scenes, Yang had to hire young athletes from local sport schools to jump on a trampoline while cinematographers filmed high angle shots, according to a report from Xinhua News Agency in 2012.
舞台特技是最难攻克的问题，因为在80年代的中国，这项技术还鲜为人知。据新华社2012年的一篇报道介绍，当时，杨洁并没有采用将演员吊在线上进行简单打斗场景拍摄的方法，而是从当地体校雇了一些青少年运动员在蹦床上弹跳，由摄影师从高空进行俯拍而实现。
As the show’s director and producer, Yang’s determined embrace of real scenery as background for the production also engulfed herself in controversy over her “extravagance,” which led the central government to organise an investigation team to follow her crew. The team later found the claim unsubstantiated and even added 1 million yuan to her production fees, the Xinhua report said.
由于该剧的导演兼制片人杨洁坚持奉行以实景拍摄的原则，继而引发了关于其“铺张浪费”的争议，对此，中央组织调查组对其摄制组进行跟踪调查。据新华社报道，后来，调查组发现这种说法纯属子虚乌有，甚至还追加资助了100万元的制片费。
“Because of her [stubborn] character, she has offended many leaders and experts,” Yang’s husband Wang Chongqiu, the cinematographer of the show’s first 25 episodes, told Chinese magazine New Weekly in 2006.
“由于杨洁性格（固执），得罪了许多领导和专家。”杨洁的丈夫——《西游记》前25集的摄影师王崇秋在2006年接受中国新周刊杂志采访时说。
CCTV later stopped funding the production because it found it too costly, at 3 million yuan for 15 episodes. Although Yang managed to raise 3 million yuan on her own, increased inflation at the time forced her to cut five planned episodes, which she described as a great pity.
由于制作经费庞大，央视在后期停止了对《西游记》制片的资助，仅拍摄前15集就耗资300万元。尽管杨洁自己筹集到300万元，但由于当时物价上涨，她不得不删去5集，杨洁对此表示非常遗憾。
In 2000, the show’s sequel, or more precisely its completion, was picked up by CCTV for an investment of 13 million yuan, according to Yang’s autobiography. However, the new episodes weren’t as well received as the first 25.
杨洁在自传中称，2000年的《西游记》续集——或者更确切地说是其完结篇，由中央电视台投入1300万元拍摄。然而，续集却没有前25集受欢迎。
“It’s mainly because the stories don’t feel exciting anymore,” Yang told Xinhua in 2012. “They all look the same, not like the previous 25 episodes that have complete story lines. In the sequel, it’s always the monk being caught, the monkey looking for saviours, and the demons being beaten away.
“主要是故事不好看了，”杨洁在2012年接受新华社采访时说道，“太雷同，不像前25集有一个完整的情节发展。续集总是唐僧被抓住啦，猴子去搬救兵啦，妖怪被打跑啦。”
（英文来源：南华早报）
下面，让我们来重温一下那些经典角色和相关内容的英文译法（摘自余国藩译本 Journey to the West）↓
唐僧 Tang Priest
孙悟空 Monkey Awakened to Emptiness
猪悟能 Pig Awakened to Power
沙悟净 Sand Awakened to Purity
弼马温 Protector of the Horses
美猴王 Handsome Monkey King
齐天大圣 the Great Sage Equaling Heaven
天蓬元帅 Marshal Tian Peng
卷帘将军 Curtain−lifting General
佛祖 the Buddha
观音菩萨 Bodhisattva Guanyin
玉帝 the Jade Emperor
太上老君 Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad
赤脚大仙 the Bare-foot Immortal
托塔李天王 pagoda−bearing Heavenly King
嫦娥 the moon maiden
玉兔 jade rabbit
龙王 the Dragon King
虾兵蟹将 prawn soldiers and crab generals
牛头马面 the ox-headed and horse-faced
阎王 King Yama
牛魔王 the Bull Demon King
铁扇公主 Iron Fan Immortal
红孩儿（圣婴大王） Red Boy（Boy Sage King）
金池长老 the Elder of the Golden Pool
白骨精 White Bone Spirit
金角大王 the Senior King Gold Horn
银角大王 the Junior King Silver Horn
蜈蚣精 Centipede Spirit
黄袍怪 Yellow−robed Monster
六耳猕猴 six−eared macaque
花果山 the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit
水帘洞 Water Curtain Cave
黑风洞 Black Wind Cave
东海龙宫 the Dragon palace of the Eastern Sea
水晶宫 the crystal palace
高老庄 Old Gao Village
幽冥界 the World of Darkness
森罗殿 the Senluo Palace
蟠桃园 the Peach Orchard
瑶池 the Jade Pool
西方极乐世界 the Western Land of Perfect Bliss
天宫 the Heavenly Palace
五行山 the Five Elements Mountain
流沙河 the River of Flowing Sands
金銮宝殿 the throne hall
筋斗云 somersault cloud
如意金箍棒 As−You−Will Gold−Banded Cudgel
紧箍儿 tight band
紧箍咒 Band−tightening Spell
枪刀剑戟 spears and swords
生死簿 the Register of Life and Death
丹灶 the stove beside the range over which pills were made
金丹 golden pills
天罗地网 heaven-and-earth nets
照妖镜 fiend-detecting mirror
净瓶杨柳 pure vase of willow twigs
三昧火 the fire of samadhi
八卦炉 Eight Trigrams Furnace
金、木、水、火、土 Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth
金刚经 the Diamond Sutra
心经 the Heart Sutra
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